HPL3/Scripting/AngelScript Fundamentals/Chapter 4 - Operators and Expressions - Revision history

TiMan at 20:13, 15 August 2020

2020-08-15T20:13:28Z

TiMan: /* Order of Operations */

2020-08-15T19:58:43Z

Order of Operations

TiMan: /* Order of Operations */

2020-08-15T19:58:35Z

Order of Operations

TiMan: /* Order of Operations */

2020-08-15T19:58:03Z

Order of Operations

Show changes

TiMan at 19:18, 15 August 2020

2020-08-15T19:18:02Z

TiMan: /* Boolean Operators */

2020-08-15T19:16:16Z

Boolean Operators

TiMan: /* Boolean Operators */

2020-08-15T19:15:59Z

Boolean Operators

TiMan: /* Bitwise Operators */

2020-08-15T19:14:49Z

Bitwise Operators

TiMan at 19:14, 15 August 2020

2020-08-15T19:14:19Z

TiMan: /* Math Operators */

2020-08-15T19:12:42Z

Math Operators

@@ Line 390: / Line 390: @@
 </syntaxhighlight>
-{{NavBar|HPL3/Scripting/AngelScript Fundamentals/Chapter 1 - Introduction|Chapter 1 - Introduction|HPL3/Scripting/AngelScript Fundamentals|AngelScript Fundamentals|HPL3/Scripting/AngelScript Fundamentals/Chapter 3 - Variables and Types|Chapter 3 - Variables and Types}}
+{{NavBar|HPL3/Scripting/AngelScript Fundamentals/Chapter 3 - Variables and Types|Chapter 3 - Variables and Types|HPL3/Scripting/AngelScript Fundamentals|AngelScript Fundamentals|HPL3/Scripting/AngelScript Fundamentals/Chapter 5 - Statements and Flow Control|Chapter 5 - Statements and Flow Control}}
 [[Category:HPL3 Scripting]]
 [[Category:English]]

@@ Line 382: / Line 382: @@
 |-
 |}
 Whenever two operators with the same precedence occur in an expression, they are handled from left to right.

@@ Line 380: / Line 380: @@
 |}
 {| class="wikitable" border="1"
 |-
 |}

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 !Operator!!Name!!Example
 |-
-| +||Addition||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 2 + 5; '' 7</syntaxhighlight>
+| +||Addition||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 2 + 5; // 7</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-| -||Subtraction||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 7 - 1; '' 6</syntaxhighlight>
+| -||Subtraction||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 7 - 1; // 6</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|*||Multiplication||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 4 * 3; '' 12</syntaxhighlight>
+|*||Multiplication||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 4 * 3; // 12</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|/||Division||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 6 / 3; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
+|/||Division||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 6 / 3; // 2</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|%||Modulo||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 9 % 4; '' 1</syntaxhighlight>
+|%||Modulo||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>int x = 9 % 4; // 1</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 Some of you may have tilted your head quizzically in the last paragraph when I mentioned doing the "integer division" on some numbers. The reason that I specified what kind of division to perform is that, unlike the other operators, division behaves slightly differently when performed on integer types as opposed to floating-point types. When you perform division on floating-type, it results in what you might expect:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">    float f = 5.0 / 2.0; '' 2.5</syntaxhighlight>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">    float f = 5.0 / 2.0; // 2.5</syntaxhighlight>
 However, doing the same division on integer types, you get a different result:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">    int i = 5 / 2; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">    int i = 5 / 2; // 2</syntaxhighlight>
 This is because unlike the other operators, division between two whole numbers can result in a decimal number. However, integer types cannot hold decimal values. Because of this, if you store the result of a division that would be a decimal into an integer variable, the decimal part of the number is discarded. In other words, every decimal value is rounded down to the nearest whole number.
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 !Operator!!Name!!Example
 |-
-| +=||Compound Addition||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x += 2; '' 7</syntaxhighlight>
+| +=||Compound Addition||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x += 2; // 7</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-| -=||Compound Subtraction||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x -= 3; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
+| -=||Compound Subtraction||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x -= 3; // 2</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|*=||Compound Multiplication||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x *= 3; '' 15</syntaxhighlight>
+|*=||Compound Multiplication||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x *= 3; // 15</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|/=||Compound Division||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x /= 2; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
+|/=||Compound Division||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x /= 2; // 2</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|%=||Compound Modulo||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x %= 2; '' 1</syntaxhighlight>
+|%=||Compound Modulo||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x %= 2; // 1</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 !Operator!!Name!!Example
 |-
-| ++||Increment||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x++; '' 6</syntaxhighlight>
+| ++||Increment||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x++; // 6</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|%%--%%||Decrement||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x--; '' 4</syntaxhighlight>
+|%%--%%||Decrement||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>x--; // 4</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 237: / Line 237: @@
 |&
 |Bitwise-AND
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 & 1; '' 0</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 & 1; // 0</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |<nowiki>|</nowiki>
 |Bitwise-OR
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2  ||  1 '' 3</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2  ||  1 // 3</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |^
 |Bitwise-XOR
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 ^ 3; '' 1</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 ^ 3; // 1</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |<<
 |Left Shift
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 << 1; '' 4</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 << 1; // 4</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |>>
 |Right Shift
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 4 >> 1; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 4 >> 1; // 2</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |~
 |Bitwise-NOT
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = ~4; '' 11</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = ~4; // 11</syntaxhighlight>
 |}
 These are probably some of the least intuitive examples in this entire lesson. That's because instead of operating on the numbers, bitwise operators operate on the binary data underlying the numbers. For example, in our temporary 4-bit representation, the number 3 is represented in binary as "0011".

@@ Line 141: / Line 141: @@
 !Operator!!Name!!Example
 |-
-|==||Is Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 == 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
+|==||Is Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 == 3; // true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|!=||Not Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 != 3; '' false</syntaxhighlight>
+|!=||Not Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 != 3; // false</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|>||Greater Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 2 > 1; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
+|>||Greater Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 2 > 1; // true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|<||Less Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 2 < 1; '' false</syntaxhighlight>
+|<||Less Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 2 < 1; // false</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|>=||Greater Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 >= 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
+|>=||Greater Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 >= 3; // true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|%%<=%%||Less Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 <= 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
+|%%<=%%||Less Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 <= 3; // true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |}

@@ Line 145: / Line 145: @@
 |!=||Not Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 != 3; '' false</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|>||Greater Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">bool b = 2 > 1; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
+|>||Greater Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 2 > 1; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|<||Less Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">bool b = 2 < 1; '' false</syntaxhighlight>
+|<||Less Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 2 < 1; '' false</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |>=||Greater Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 >= 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 |&&
 |Logical AND
-|<code>bool b = true && true; // true</code>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = true && true; // true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |<nowiki>||</nowiki>
 |Logical OR
-|<code><nowiki>bool b = true || false; // true</nowiki></code>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline><nowiki>bool b = true || false; // true</nowiki></syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |^^
 |Logical XOR
-|<code>bool b = false ^^ false; // false</code>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = false ^^ false; // false</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |!
 |Logical NOT
-|<code>bool b = !true; // false</code>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = !true; // false</syntaxhighlight>
 |}
 Each logical operator has a specific set of rules that determines whether the result of the logical operation between two values is true or false. The way to visualize these rules is using a construct called a ''truth table'', which is a chart that plots all the possible values of the inputs and shows the result of the operation between those values.

@@ Line 265: / Line 265: @@
 The bitwise-AND, bitwise-OR, and bitwise-XOR operators (<code>&</code>, <code>|</code>, and <code>^</code>, respectively) follow the same rules as their logical equivalents. (See above for a reminder of what those rules are.) The only difference is that it performs that comparison on the corresponding bits in two numerical values. For an easier visual representation, see the following example:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">
      uint4 a = 10;    // Binary: 1010
      uint4 b = 6;     // Binary: 0110

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 Some of you may have tilted your head quizzically in the last paragraph when I mentioned doing the "integer division" on some numbers. The reason that I specified what kind of division to perform is that, unlike the other operators, division behaves slightly differently when performed on integer types as opposed to floating-point types. When you perform division on floating-type, it results in what you might expect:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>    float f = 5.0 / 2.0; '' 2.5</syntaxhighlight>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">    float f = 5.0 / 2.0; '' 2.5</syntaxhighlight>
 However, doing the same division on integer types, you get a different result:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>    int i = 5 / 2; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">    int i = 5 / 2; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
 This is because unlike the other operators, division between two whole numbers can result in a decimal number. However, integer types cannot hold decimal values. Because of this, if you store the result of a division that would be a decimal into an integer variable, the decimal part of the number is discarded. In other words, every decimal value is rounded down to the nearest whole number.
@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 These operators are a convenience operation that exists between a regular math operator and an assignment operator. The reason for this is because the following two lines of code perform the exact same operation:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>    x = x + 5;
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">    x = x + 5;
      x += 5;</syntaxhighlight>
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 However, there's a special way that the increment operators can be used. They can either be used before the variable (known as "pre-increment") or after the variable (known as "post-increment"). By themselves, a pre-increment and post-increment do the exact same thing. The difference happens when you use the increment operator alongside an assignment:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">
      int a = 5;
      int b = ++a;
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 What do you think the value of <code>a</code> is? How about <code>b</code>? As it turns out, the value of both <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> is 6. The reason for this is because the pre-increment operator <code>++a</code> increments the value of <code>a</code> before assigning it to <code>b</code>. However, if I had the following instead:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">
      int a = 5;
      int b = a++;
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 Another way of looking at how this works is to see the regular math operator equivalents of the above two examples:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">
      // Pre-increment equivalent
      int a = 5;
@@ Line 117: / Line 117: @@
 When you are dealing with strings, you can add two string values together using the addition operator (<code>+</code>). This process is called "concatenation". When you do this, the string value on the right is added onto the end of the string value on the left, and the result is a single string value:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">
      tString a = "abc";
      tString b = "def";
@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 {{note|When dealing with strings and other values, you can concatenate any built-in type with a string as well. When you do this, the type is automatically converted into a string. For example, see the following:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">
      int x = 123;
      tString s = "abc" + x;
@@ Line 141: / Line 141: @@
 !Operator!!Name!!Example
 |-
-|==||Is Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">bool b = 3 == 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
+|==||Is Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 == 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|!=||Not Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">bool b = 3 != 3; '' false</syntaxhighlight>
+|!=||Not Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 != 3; '' false</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |>||Greater Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">bool b = 2 > 1; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
@@ Line 149: / Line 149: @@
 |<||Less Than||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">bool b = 2 < 1; '' false</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|>=||Greater Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">bool b = 3 >= 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
+|>=||Greater Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 >= 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
-|%%<=%%||Less Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">bool b = 3 <= 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
+|%%<=%%||Less Than or Equal To||<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>bool b = 3 <= 3; '' true</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 237: / Line 237: @@
 |&
 |Bitwise-AND
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">uint4 i = 2 & 1; '' 0</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 & 1; '' 0</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |<nowiki>|</nowiki>
 |Bitwise-OR
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">uint4 i = 2  ||  1 '' 3</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2  ||  1 '' 3</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |^
 |Bitwise-XOR
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">uint4 i = 2 ^ 3; '' 1</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 ^ 3; '' 1</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |<<
 |Left Shift
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">uint4 i = 2 << 1; '' 4</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 2 << 1; '' 4</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |>>
 |Right Shift
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">uint4 i = 4 >> 1; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = 4 >> 1; '' 2</syntaxhighlight>
 |-
 |~
 |Bitwise-NOT
-|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">uint4 i = ~4; '' 11</syntaxhighlight>
+|<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>uint4 i = ~4; '' 11</syntaxhighlight>
 |}
 These are probably some of the least intuitive examples in this entire lesson. That's because instead of operating on the numbers, bitwise operators operate on the binary data underlying the numbers. For example, in our temporary 4-bit representation, the number 3 is represented in binary as "0011".
@@ Line 265: / Line 265: @@
 The bitwise-AND, bitwise-OR, and bitwise-XOR operators (<code>&</code>, <code>|</code>, and <code>^</code>, respectively) follow the same rules as their logical equivalents. (See above for a reminder of what those rules are.) The only difference is that it performs that comparison on the corresponding bits in two numerical values. For an easier visual representation, see the following example:
-<syntaxhighlight lang="c++">
+<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" inline>
      uint4 a = 10;    // Binary: 1010
      uint4 b = 6;     // Binary: 0110